Afghanistan
Support for Mine Action
In 2017, the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan received nearly US$42 million from 17 donors, a decrease of 27% compared to 2016 ($15 million less).[1]
The United States (US) provided the largest contribution with $18 million, which represents 43% of the total international mine action assistance in Afghanistan for 2017.
Of the total contribution, more than four-fifths ($33.4 million) went toward clearance and risk education activities, 6% ($2.4 million) was for victim assistance, 3% was for capacity-building ($1.3 million), and the remainder ($4.8 million) went to other mine action activities that were not disaggregated by sector.
Victim assistance is integrated within the broader coordination mechanisms of the disability sector.[2] Consequently, overall funding to victim assistance is under-reported. As in 2016, victim assistance came from three donors in 2017: Germany ($1.8 million), Italy ($565,0500), and Norway ($133,045).
The Mine Action Programme of Afghanistan (MAPA) is largely funded through international assistance, although in the past the government of Afghanistan has reported contributing to some specific projects. For instance, in 2015 the government of Afghanistan contributed $1.5 million for clearance operations in Logar province, while in 2013, Afghanistan contributed $2.6 million for clearance of the Aynak copper mine.[3] No information on any national contribution was available for 2017, 2016, and 2014.
International contributions: 2017[4]
|
Donor |
Sector |
Amount |
Amount |
|
US |
Clearance and risk education |
$18,000,000 |
18,000,000 |
|
Germany |
Clearance and victim assistance |
€5,247,598 |
5,930,310 |
|
United Kingdom |
Clearance and risk education |
£3,444,946 |
4,440,535 |
|
Canada |
Various |
C$4,000,000 |
3,080,715 |
|
Japan |
Various |
¥318,588,088 |
2,841,999 |
|
Netherlands |
Clearance |
€1,378,849 |
1,558,237 |
|
Denmark |
Clearance and risk education |
DKK9,000,000 |
1,364,525 |
|
Norway |
Clearance and victim assistance |
NOK11,100,000 |
1,342,542 |
|
Finland |
Capacity-building and clearance |
€900,000 |
1,017,090 |
|
Italy |
Victim assistance |
€500,000 |
565,050 |
|
United Nations |
Capacity-building |
N/A |
559,845 |
|
New Zealand |
Clearance |
NZ$700,000 |
497,770 |
|
Australia |
Clearance |
AU$410,000 |
314,511 |
|
Belgium |
Capacity-building |
€150,000 |
169,515 |
|
Ireland |
Clearance and risk education |
€150,000 |
169,515 |
|
Sweden |
Various |
SEK338,000 |
39,565 |
|
Slovenia |
Capacity-building |
€30,218 |
34,149 |
|
Total |
41,925,873 |
Since 2013, Afghanistan has received more than $260 million in international assistance for mine action. Between 2010–2014, a downward trend had been apparent with a continuous decline in international assistance that dropped from $102 million in 2010 to less than $50 million in 2014.
In 2017, Afghanistan Directorate of Mine Action (DMAC) noted that “If the funding trend continues to be the same, it is unlikely that Afghanistan will fulfill its obligation toward Ottawa extension plan and achieve its goal of making the country free from mine/ERW by 2023.”[5]
Summary of contributions: 2013–2017[6]
|
Year |
Amount |
% change from previous year ($) |
|
2017 |
41,925,873 |
-27 |
|
2016 |
57,257,467 |
+11 |
|
2015 |
51,689,045 |
+18 |
|
2014 |
43,973,822 |
-34 |
|
2013 |
66,733,076 |
-26 |
|
Total |
261,579,283 |
[1] Australia, Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report, Form I, 30 April 2018; Belgium, Convention on Cluster Munitions, Article 7 Report, Form I, 30 April 2018; Canada, Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form J, 1 May 2018; Germany, Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form J, 2 March 2018; Italy, Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report, Form I, April 2018; Japan, Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report, Form I, 30 April 2018; New Zealand, Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form J, April 2018; Sweden, Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report, Form I, 23 April 2018; United Kingdom, Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report, Form I, 30 April 2018; Netherlands, Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form J, April 2018; ITF Enhancing Human Security, “Annual Report 2017,” March 2018, pp. 24–25; responses to Monitor questionnaire by by Mikko Autti, Desk Officer, Finland Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 10 October 2018; and by Trine Louise Magard Hansen, Head of Section, Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 30 October 2018; emails from Leah Murphy, Desk Officer, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Section, Ireland Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 25 September 2018; from Ingrid Schoyen, Senior Adviser, Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 25 September 2018; from Olivia Douwes, Policy Officer, Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 12 September 2018; and from Katherine Baker, Foreign Affairs Officer, Weapons Removal and Abatement, US Department of State, 9 and 24 October 2018.
[2] ICBL-CMC, “Country Profile: Afghanistan: Casualties and Victim Assistance,” 21 October 2011.
[3] MACCA, “MAPA Annual Report 1394,” September 2016, pp. 40–41; and MACCA, “Fast Facts: Mine Action Coordination Centre of Afghanistan,” December 2013.
[4] Average exchange rate for 2017: A$1=US$0.7671; C$1.2984=US$1; DKK6.5957=US$1; €1=US$1.1301; ¥112.1=US$1; NZ$0.7111=US$1; NOK8.2679=US$1; £1=US$1.2890; SEK8.5430=US$1. US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 11 January 2018.
[5] MAPA, “Annual Report 1395, Mine Action Programme of Afghanistan,” 2017, p. 47.
[6] See previous Monitor reports. The total for international support in 2015 has been rectified as a result of revised US funding totals.