Angola
Support for Mine Action
In 2014, the Republic of Angola received US$32.6 million (three times as much as in 2013) of which the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) provided 95%.[1]
The significant increase ($22.5 million) in international assistance in 2014 can largely be attributed to the disbursement of EU funds under the 10th European Development Fund (EDF), which have allowed some international demining operators to increase their capacities.[2] However, an eight-month delay in awarding EU contracts has led to the loss of experienced demining staff at HALO Trust, which had to reduce its capacity during the first part of 2014 due to a lack of resources available. As of June 2015, it was unclear if the EU would renew its support to demining in Angola after 2016, which could negatively impact the pace of clearance operations.[3]
The US has also been a major donor in Angola, with more than $110 million provided since 1993.[4]
Despite having one of the highest landmine casualty rates in the world, Angola did not receive international support for victim assistance in 2014. Instead, most funds were allocated to clearance activities.
International contributions: 2014[5]
Donor |
Sector |
Amount |
Amount ($) |
EU |
Clearance and capacity-building |
€18,878,140 |
25,102,263 |
US |
Clearance |
$6,000,000 |
6,000,000 |
Finland |
Clearance |
€1,050,000 |
1,396,185 |
Japan |
Clearance |
¥8,398,928 |
79,430 |
Total |
|
|
32,577,878 |
The government of Angola has contributed $400 million to mine action since 2010, an average of $80 million per year and 78% of its total mine action budget.
In 2014, it contributed almost AOA12 billion ($121 million) resulting in a $153 million overall budget.[6] National funding supports the Intersectoral Commission on Demining and Humanitarian Assistance (Comissão Nacional Intersectorial de Desminagem e Assistência Humanitária, CNIDAH), with funding going to coordination (salaries), quality control, and provincial offices. In 2014, the CNIDAH budget was approximately $18 million or 15% of national funding. The Executive Commission for Demining (Comissão Executiva de Desminagem, CED) received 83% of the national contribution. The CED was established in 2005 to fund development projects and provide financial support to the demining operations of the Angolan Armed Forces, the National Reconstruction Office, and the National Demining Institute. The remaining 2% of the $121 million was used as part of a public investment program to establish a bureau in charge of the maintenance of demining mechanical assets.[7]
National contributions: 2014
Donor |
Amount |
Amount |
CED |
9,900,945,957 |
100,818,342 |
CNIDAH |
1,791,910,997 |
18,246,488 |
Maintenance and Repair Bureau for Mechanical Demining Equipment(Oficina de manutenção, reparação e conservação de maquinas de desminagem) |
199,550,141 |
2,031,959 |
Total |
11,892,407,095 |
121,096,790 |
Angola has been one of the largest recipients of international mine action funding. In 2010–2014, it received almost US$111 million, or an average of more than $22 million per year.
Summary of contributions: 2010–2014[8]
Year |
National contributions |
International contributions ($) |
Total Budget |
2014 |
121,096,790 |
32,577,878 |
153,674,668 |
2013 |
115,425,303 |
10,084,060 |
125,509,363 |
2012 |
76,712,584 |
13,705,209 |
90,417,793 |
2011 |
59,608,964 |
13,276,397 |
72,885,361 |
2010 |
29,183,023 |
42,298,823 |
71,481,846 |
Total |
402,026,664 |
111,942,367 |
513,969,031 |
[1] Email from Jérôme Legrand, Policy Officer, Weapons of Mass Destruction, Conventional Weapons and Space Division (K1), European External Action Service (EEAS), 11 June 2015; response to Monitor questionnaire by Anna Merrifield, Desk Officer, Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 13 May 2015; Japan Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report, Form I, 30 April 2014; and US Department of State, Official Blog, “Rebuilding Lives and Renewing Hope: the US Commitment to an Angola Free From the Impact of Landmines,” Michael L. Ly, 14 August 2014.
[2] Emails to Norwegian People’s Aid (NPA) from Jessica Riordan, Country Director, MAG, 17 June 2015; Gerhard Zank, Programme Manager, HALO Trust, 7 July 2015; and Fredrik Holmegaard, Country Director, NPA, 26 June 2015.
[3] Email to Norwegian People’s Aid from Gerhard Zank, HALO Trust, 7 July 2015.
[4] US Department of State, Official log, “US Support for Landmine Clearance Helps Kids Get Back to School in Angola,” Dennis Hadrick, 14 September 2014.
[5] Average exchange rate for 2014: €1=US$1.3297; ¥105.74=US$1. US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 2 January 2015.
[7] Republic of Angola, Ministry of Finance, National Budget 2014 (Dotação Orçamental por Orgão), p. 215, 16 December 2013.
[8] ICBL-CMC, “Country Profile: Angola: Support for Mine Action,” 19 September 2012.